Dissertation

Modelling and Predicting Cadmium Speciation in Soil Mixed with Biochar

From Microscopic Mechanisms to Macroscopic Effects

Yifan Huang

Promotor

Prof. Dr R.N.J. Comans

Professor of Soil Chemistry

Wageningen University & Research

Co-promotors

Dr Liping Weng

Associate professor, Soil Chemistry Group

Wageningen University & Research

Dr G.F. Koopmans

Researcher, Soil Chemistry Group

Wageningen University & Research

Special Thanks to

Prof. Dr. Zhengguo Song

Shantou University

Other Members

Prof. Dr E. Hoffland

Wageningen University & Research

Prof. Dr Erik Smolders

KU Leuven, Belgium

Dr André van Zomeren

The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, the Netherlands

Dr Joris J. Dijkstra

TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, the Netherlands

Table of Content

Chapter 1: General Introduction

Chapter 2: Generic Proton Binding Parameters of a Three-Site NICA-Donnan Model for Plant-Based Biochars

Chapter 3: Modelling Cadmium Binding to Plant-Based Biochars Using the Three-Site NICA-Donnan Model

Chapter 4: Predicting Cadmium Partitioning and Speciation in Soils Mixed with Biochar Using Multi-Surface Modelling

Chapter 5: Using Geochemical Multi-Surface Modelling to Predict Cadmium Speciation in Biochar-Amended Soil Under Alternating Flooding and Drainage Conditions

Chapter 6: General Discussion