LCD Model
Ligand and Charge Distribution — models fulvic/humic acid adsorption onto oxide mineral surfaces (goethite, ferrihydrite, etc.). Integrates CD-MUSIC (mineral surface), NICA-Donnan (organic binding), and ADAPT (phase equilibrium). Weng et al., 2006, J. Colloid Interface Sci.
Model Parameters
Theoretical Basis
- CD-MUSIC: Charge distribution multi-site complexation for mineral surface sites (≡FeOH, ≡Fe₃OH)
- NICA-Donnan: Non-ideal competitive adsorption with electrostatic correction for humic substance proton binding
- ADAPT: Adsorption and Adaptation module for phase distribution equilibrium
Key References
- Weng et al. (2006) Ligand and Charge Distribution (LCD) model for the description of fulvic acid adsorption to goethite. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 302:442–457.
- Weng et al. (2013) Multi-surface modeling of phosphate and arsenate adsorption to soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47:11634–11641.